Theo Neethling obtained his MA degree in International Politics from Potchefstroom University (currently North-West University) in South Africa in 1989. Building on his academic achievements, he pursued his DLitt et Phil in the same discipline at the University of South Africa in 1992. These foundational degrees served as the bedrock of his intellectual journey in the realm of international politics.
Since April 1, 2009, Neethling has held the position of professor in the Department of Political Studies and Governance at the University of the Free State. His leadership skills and academic acumen were recognised during his tenure as head of department from April 2009 to June 2020. Neethling's dedication to the advancement of the university led to his election as a member of the executive committee of Senate from 2017 to 2020. In 2021, he was further honoured with an election by Senate to serve on the university's Institutional Forum. He also serves as a member of the university's Higher Degrees Committee, representing the Faculty of the Humanities.