Social media in the crossfire

Our lives are digital. From working and reading blogs, like this one, to bank transactions and social interactions, so many of our everyday activities now depend on digital technologies.

That’s why being able to trust those technologies is vital.

But trust in digital technologies is not uniform. As the 2024 Edelman Trust Barometer shows, social media is the least trusted industry, whereas technology as an industry is the most trusted.

For the parents at the US Senate’s 31 January 2024 hearing on child online safety, who believe their children were harmed – or even took their own lives – as a result of social media use, there is no trust in the companies operating the social media platforms.

The hearing before the judiciary committee – at which the CEOs of five social media companies (Meta, X, Snap, TikTok and Discord) gave testimony and were questioned – looked at whether such companies have done enough to protect children from harmful content and child predators.

The US Congress is currently considering proposed legislation, including the Kids Online Safety Act, which requires platforms to “exercise reasonable care” to protect children. Other proposed bills include the Invest in Child Safety Act, which was first introduced in the US Senate in 2020 and would direct over $5 billion in mandatory funding to investigate and target the online predators.

The World Economic Forum’s Digital Trust Initiative defines digital trust as “the expectation by individuals that digital technologies and services – and the organizations providing them – will protect all stakeholders’ interests and uphold societal expectations and values”.

In its latest white paper, Digital Trust: Supporting Individual Agency, the initiative outlines how support for individual agency and human rights and respect for individual users’ choices and values are “crucial to rebuilding trust in digital technologies.”

It advocates “individual agency by design” as a method of trustworthy development at the core of any technology strategy or regulatory approach.

“In order to promote trust, important values like agency, human rights, privacy and safety must become integral to the process of designing technology at the earliest possible stage,” said Daniel Dobrygowski, the Head of Governance and Trust at the World Economic Forum.

Responsible design, based around three digital trust dimensions – transparency, privacy and redressability – can ensure technologies are developed in a human-centred way to support individuals’ expectations and values, the report says.

Transparency ensures that digital technologies “do no more and no less than the user expects”. Organizations must ensure that users maintain control and feel empowered to make their own choices and act in their best interests online, the report adds.

Transparency is incorporated into digital technologies when developers:

Clear visibility on data flows, including what data is collected and how it is used, is just one example of transparency and digital literacy in action. The white paper sets out best practices for data collection transparency, including using plain language to make transparency efforts intelligible and user-centric design, to prioritize intuitive interfaces.

Default protections for privacy assure users their interactions online will be safe and their personal data is protected, says the report.

Privacy is integrated into digital technologies when:

The European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is one of the best-known examples of privacy by design, while Google, Microsoft and IBM are among companies that proactively prioritize principles of privacy in the development of products and services.

Preparation and prevention are not always sufficient to eliminate the chance of harm from digital technologies, says the report. Effective redressability mechanisms must be put in place to ensure that “individuals who are harmed can be made whole”.

These mechanisms fall into the following categories:

Ultimately, building and maintaining digital trust needs to be a shared responsibility that requires collaboration between the public and private sectors.

The report concludes: “As the world advances into the digital future, globally recognized, shared and verified standards can serve as powerful tools to bolster digital trust.”